一般现在时和一般过去时的基本用法解析
2023-04-09 08:27:48
一般现在时和一般过去时的基本用法解析
1. 一般现在时
一般现在时描述的是现在或经常性的动作或状态，常和every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用。
（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
We have three meals a day. 我们一日吃三餐。
（2）表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
（3）表示现在的情况或状态。
I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。
（4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往是表示“出发，到达”等含义的词。例如，arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay等。
The train arrives at 10:30. There’s plenty of time. 火车10:30到站，还 有充足的时间。
（5）表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
我在小学时就知道地球绕着太阳转。
（6）在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来，常用的引导词有表示时间的when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 表示条件的if, unless, provided。If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 如果他接受这份工作，他很快就会得到更多的钱。
The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.
新秘书应该一到就向经理报告。
2. 一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示过去具体时间的时间状语。
（1）表示在过去特定时间中一次或一度发生的动作或存在的状态。
① 有明确的过去时间: yesterday, last night, …ago, just now, in 1980, in the past…
② 对比现在: Scientists think that the continents weren’t always where they are today.
③ 其他暗示: He could have done it better, but he was too careless.
（2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 当我还是小孩的时候，我经常在街上踢球。
（3）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。
If he were here now, we could turn to him for help. 如果现在在这，我们就可以向他求助。
（4）表始料未及的过去，即表过去的意识 、心态、看法等与现在不同，常用动词（know，realise, expect, recognise, mean…），表“没想到，没意识到，不知道”。
—How time flies! It already 10 o’clock. 时间过得真快！已经10点了。
—Oh, I didn’t realise it. 啊，我没意识到时间。
1.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $ 3, 000 more than he ________for the wedding.
A.will plan B.has planned C.would plan D.had planned
2.—________leave at the end of this month.
— I don’t think you should do that until ________another job.
A.I’m going to;you’d found B.I’m going to;you’ve found
C.I’ll;y ou’ll find D.I’ll;you’d find
3.The father as well as his three children________skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
4.I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he________home for dinner.
A.come B.comes C.has come D.will come
5.My friend, who ________on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A.served B.is serving C.had served D.has served
6.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane________.
A.takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.took off
7.In a room above the store, where a party________, some workers were busily setting the table.
A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D.is being held
8.I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he________on it for more than an hour.
A.has been working B.will have worked
C.will have been working D.had worked
9.I have to go to work by taxi because my car________at the garage.
A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired
10.I ________in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A.lived B.was living C.have lived D.had lived
